Drugs During The Civil War - 1421 Words

Drugs first surfaced in the United States in the 1800s. After the Civil War opium become very popular and was used medicinally. Following opium was cocaine which was also used as a health remedy but near the end of the 19th century opium and cocaine abuse peaked and local governments began to prohibit opium dens and importation. In 1914 the first federal drug policy, the Harrison Narcotics act, is passed and drugs are no longer seen as harmless remedies. The act aggressively regulated the manufacturing of marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and morphine. During the 50’s more federal drug policies were passed and drugs began to become more criminalized. The 60’s saw a rise in counter-culture and substances such as marijuana and LSD saw widespread use. The demand for drugs skyrocketed in the 1960s. In 1971 President Nixon declared drug abuse America s number one enemy and proclaimed that we must wave a all out offensive. After President Nixon declared the War on Drugs in 1971, th e United States has spent more than a trillion dollars on this failing policy that not only has had no effect on the amount of drugs being used in the United States and has increased the number of people incarcerated on drug charges from just 50,000 to over half a million, but also has helped fuel drug cartels and foment violence and death through overdoses from uncontrolled drug potency and turf wars between street gangs. The War on Drugs has an annual cost of $51 billion(Drug War Statistics. Drug Policy.Show MoreRelatedDrug Use And Health During The Civil War1585 Words   |  7 Pagesopioids were widely used during the Civil War, with numbers reaching up to ten million opioid pills for the Union Army alone. Morphine was essentially the cure-all on the battlefield. The result of this excessive and non-facilitated usage of morphine pills by soldiers was referred to as â€Å"army disease† or rather, opioid addiction. Centuries after the Civil War, similar staggering opioid addiction statistics exist today in modern America. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)Read MoreThe ‘60s: Culture and Music Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesexpressed themselves through music during flourishing and turbulent times. In the 1930’s, Swing music created a platform for audiences to vent their emotions in the midst of Great Depression and political unrest. Such strong relatio nship between music and culture can be seen throughout history, especially in the sixties. The ‘60s were the age of youth, as millions of children’s from post World War II became teenagers and rebelled against the conservative fifties. Denying civil rights to African-AmericansRead MoreThe Slang Term For Doctors Of The Civil War1325 Words   |  6 PagesSawbones is the slang term for doctors of the Civil War. How an esteemed figure like as doctor could be associated with such a name might come as a surprise to those unaware of the gruesome medical tactics used on both sides of the war. A bonesaw, which is exactly what it sounds like, was a tool commonly used by doctors of the war to amputate limbs beyond repair caused by various types of weaponry, primarily gunshots. However barbaric they may seem, the medical treatments and procedures used on woundedRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Drugs has been an ongoing effect ever since the Civil War introduced the drug morphine to the world. In the years since people h ave been coming up with drugs more lethal than morphine such as cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and so on and so forth. The War on Drugs is dangerous and leads to many deaths throughout the years. America has set up agencies such as the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and other drug task force teams throughout the United States. Even though we may not be ableRead MoreThe Geo Group : A Case For Human Rights Watch965 Words   |  4 Pagescompanies are not really acting like probation officers at all but debt collectors,† says Chris Albin-Lackey, Senior Researcher for Human Rights Watch. Someone can easily be thrown back in jail if they simply get behind on those payments, fail a drug test, miss a parole appointment, or fail to maintain employment. Two thirds of parolees in the year 2000 were sent back to prison from those types of technical violations, rather from actual crimes. In addition, 87% of people in 2008 who were facingRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs1539 Words   |  7 Pages On June 17th, 1971, President Richard Nixon declared drug abuse to be â€Å"America’s Public Enemy #1† in a press conference in which he called for an â€Å"all out offensive† against this enemy, an initiative that would later be known as America’s War on Drugs. By giving this speech, thus starting â€Å"The War on Drugs,† President Nixon created what would eventually become one of the most catastrophic failures in United States political history. Analysis of the historical events surrounding Nixon’s declarationRead MoreU.s. Relations With Colombia1022 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent turn as a result of a new era Colombia’s civil war and drug trafficking . The interest of improve the foreign policy and the security of both countries; In order to maintain the U.S relations with Colombia, an analysis of the conflict in Colombia has to be made to protect the U.S national interest. Historically, the relations between U.S and Colombia have been marked the foreign policy and the international trade. Nevertheless, the civil war in Colombia have shifted this relation. In ColombiaRead MoreRacial Discrimination1086 Words   |  5 Pagestheir place†. During WWII, racial divides were high, American already had a strained relationship with Japan. In the summer of 1941, FDR ceased the export of oil to Japan because of Japans invasion and takeover of French Indochina. Pearl Harbor, the U.S government have been secretly preparing for a Japanese invasion putting in provisions to incarcerate all Japanese-Americans predominantly on the west coast of the United States. During the four years that the U.S and Japan were at war with one anotherRead MoreEssay about The Counterculture899 Words   |  4 Pageslifestyle of the hippies were in sharp contrast to the conservative nature of the older generation, which defined them as a counterculture. The hippie lifestyle was based on free love, rock music, shared property, and drug experimentation. They introduced a new perspective on drugs, freedom of expression, appearance, music, attitudes toward work, and held a much more liberal political view than mainstream society. One of the main effects that the hippies made is the appearance of the AmericanRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Essay1052 Words   |  5 Pagesslavery or Jim Crow, America has found a new way to continue the marginalization of blacks by using the criminal justice system. In Michelle Alexander’s book â€Å" The New Jim Crow†, she shows how America’s â€Å" War on Drugs â€Å" has become a tool of racial segregation and how the discretionary enforcement of drug laws has resulted in an overwhelmingly negative affect on its black population. In the early days of colonial America, slavery was not as common as we would think. The primary method of securing the

Essay on E-Commerce and Cyber Attacks - 1907 Words

E-commerce security threats and technology solution dimensions consist of integrity, authenticity, confidentiality, privacy, availability, etc. (Laudon Traver, 2012, p.268). The internet can serve as a very useful tool or it can be a tool manipulated to perform unethical actions. Its function as tool all depends on what the user and what they intend to do with the information they download, view or share. Many analysts trace the increase in the number of issues faced by consumers today to the internet. Internet access has transitioned from a luxury to a common household utility. This shift in demand makes it increasingly easy for criminals such as hackers to gain access to a larger pool of information. This growing pool of†¦show more content†¦During the execution of these functions, some users are intentionally deceived with messages that alert them that an error or problem has occurred with their computer. These messages are deceptive in their attempt to disguise what is actually taking place. Behind the scene, a program is executing and installing software that is intended to track the user’s activity or give criminals full access to their business or personal information and sometimes both. If this type of incident occurred on a local level, its impact could be minimal, but the internet provides a non-stop global platform with an unlimited number of victims. In addition, this type of criminal activity provides a model for other criminals to enhance and distribute their own versions of this software which causes an even larger epidemic. In order to test the functionality and validity of these types of software, it must first be tested. This process of validation requires that the software be tested by deceiving an unknowing victim who has little or no in depth experience with using the internet. These types of programs are embedded in websites that the user expresses interest in reading more information about or pictures that are display ed in search results. There is no way that the founders of the internet could have known that in time, users would have to reach a particular level of maturity with using theShow MoreRelatedEcommerce Cyber Crimes777 Words   |  4 Pagesyour Ecommerce Site against Hacking Attempts Aiesha Hasan Mar 02, 2017 5s E-commerce business continues to skyrocket and when there is money to be made, criminals are here to follow. Online stores are the prime targets for cyber crimes. This is not new as the e-commerce websites are more lucrative for the cyber criminals. This is because e-commerce website process the customer’s money which is itself lucrative for the cyber criminals and secondly the transactions contain sensitive data of the customersRead MoreEvolution Of Credit Card Fraud Within The Growing E Commerce Industry1716 Words   |  7 Pagesexamine the evolution of credit card fraud within the growing e-commerce industry. Online Shopping: Risk of Paying More than You Receive I examine the evolution of credit card fraud in regards of the technology or methodology fraudsters used specifically within the e-commerce industry, and discuss various security concerns companies have for establishing online shopping sites. The appearance of credit cards and the growing e-commerce industry in the past decade has provided fraudsters more waysRead MoreTo What Extent Is an E-Commerce Strategy the Best Way for Businesses to Increase Their Profits? (40 Marks)1398 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent is an e-commerce strategy the best way for businesses to increase their profits? (40 marks) E-commerce is the online transaction of goods and services, which has completely revolutionized business and the way in which businesses can operate. It’s now easier for customers to compare prices/products with a little time spent browsing the Internet opposed to dragging themselves to the stores. This means that e-commerce is having an impact on what and how much businesses sell, thereforeRead MoreE Commerce : A Popular Activity On The Internet1388 Words   |  6 PagesE-Commerce has been a popular activity on the Internet, for it facilitates commercial acts between online service providers and individuals. The popularity of E-commerce could be reflected by the turnover of the industry. The turnover of e-commerce in Europe grew by 14.3% to reach 423.8 billion euros (about GBP 360.5 billion) in 2014, and that of the United Kingdom (UK) increased by 14.7% and reached 127.1 billion euros (about GBP 108.1 billion) in the same year (Ham, 2015). Important private informationRead MoreEssay on The Internent Grows More Dangerous1048 Words   |  5 PagesThese new advances have made the internet vulnerable to various kinds of e-commerce fraud. New techniques to detect and prevent cyber fraud have been developed to discover and prevent criminals before the fact, rather than after the damage have been done. Individuals and businesses should recognize each new cyber attack and make themselves aware of the consequences each attack can create. This paper will discuss the new cyber attacks that are increasing and how individuals and businesses are affectedRead MoreInternet Security And The Security System878 Words   |  4 Pagesentertainment, e-business and e-commerce, social networking, and communication to the people and business, but there have always been threats to the Internet Security. Internet security is major concern in field of technology, because there are various personal, business and government data on the Internet. Today every businesses and organi zations have their own security system to reach their goal of information security. Internet security systems are created to reduce cyber attack risks, reliabilityRead MoreCyber Terrorism1716 Words   |  7 Pagesbombing of a Chinese embassy in Belgrade. During this attack, government sites were hijacked and some sites suffered a denial of service attack. Most recently, it was suspected that Bank of America was the victim of a cyber terrorism attack; although no definitive evidence is available to substantiate that claim.   Cyber terror attacks pose a threat against the national security of the United States. In order to fully comprehend the threat that cyber terrorism poses, it is essential to understand theRead MorePlan And Implement A Security Policy For Protect Our Financial, Intellectual And Customer Data From External Threats799 Words   |  4 PagesRecommendation to plan and implement a security policy in order to protect our financial, intellectual and customer data from external threats. The rising number of cyber security attacks is a problem that is growing more advanced everyday. In 2014 cyber attacks against large corporation increase 40 percent from the previous year (Carey, 2015). Due to these threats small businesses through large multi-national corporations are under immense scrutiny as to how they are dealing with protecting theirRead MoreCyber Security And Business Organizations1517 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Security in Business Organizations Advances in modern day information technology has presented many challenges for business organizations in combating internet cyber attacks. Undoubtedly, cyber security has become one of the biggest concerns of corporations as demand for more transparency in business grows, and e-Commerce and e-Business optimization continues to evolve. Cyber attacks are malicious criminal acts of deception over the internet to infiltrate personal and business informationRead MoreCommon Weaknesses and Attacks Associated with E-Commerce and Social Networking Application1248 Words   |  5 PagesCommon weaknesses and attacks associated with e-commerce and social networking applications Security of transactions is critical in building the confidence of customers in a specified e-commerce site. This security depends heavily on an organization s ability to ensure authenticity, availability, privacy, integrity and disruption of unwanted intrusions. Malicious program known as sniffer programs often disrupt the privacy transactions especially when one uses unauthorized networks. They are found

Paul Cezanne Example For Students

Paul Cezanne Biography Biography Paul Cà ©zanne  (1839–1906) French post impressionist painter, born in Aix-en-Provence. Son  of a rich banker, he wrote poetry, and had as one of his boyhood friends Emile Zola, who persuaded him, against his father’s wishes, to take up art in Paris. From 1863 he joined the group round Manet, and his earliest works, influenced by Delacroix, were often erotic or mythological scenes executed with violent strokes of the palette knife. The Franco-Prussian War having broken up the group, Cà ©zanne became more closely associated with the Impressionists, and through Camille *Pissarro (1872–73) became friendly with Monet and Renoir. He soon developed an original and personal style. He saw natural objects as made up of basic geometrical forms, such as the cylinder, sphere or cone, and his aim was to represent them by colour alone without shadows or perspective, space being suggested by a series of receding planes. Cà ©zanne achieved his effects with a limited colour range: blue, green and tan predominantly, and brushwork as distinctive as it is difficult to describe. From about 1876 he gave up small brush strokes and painted in masses. His subjects, repeated over and over again, were few: landscapes, still life (mainly fruit and flowers), a few local portraits (and some of himself) and groups of card players and bathers. The enormous prices now paid for his works make it hard to credit that, until he was over 50, Cà ©zanne’s talent went almost unrecognised. He became embittered and eccentric, withdrew to Provence in 1878 and except for short intervals lived there in seclusion for the rest of his life. When his father died (1886), leaving him enough to live in comfort, he married Hortense Figuet, a model with whom he had previously lived, and his work of the next 10 years is his most serene and assured. His last works are more violent and lyrical, e.g. the wonderful variants of Le Chateatu noir and Mont St Victoire. In 1895 Ambroise Vollard (1865–1939), a leading art dealer in Paris, mounted his first exhibition and thereafter Cà ©zanne enjoyed at least moderate fame. A diabetic, he died from exposure after a fall. He had a profound influence on Matisse, Picasso and Braque. Cubism was the obvious development of his geometrical theories but his influence extended far more widely and his works led from the traditional schools to the revolutionary theories and techniques of today. The Card Players (1893) was bought by the royal family of Qatar in 2011 for $US250 million, making it the most expensive painting in the history of art.

Treatment of Tb free essay sample

Tuberculosis, they say, is a disease of the poor and truly it is a disease that puts us high above other nations in the world. We are currently among the 22nd high TB burdened countries and are under the WHO TB watch list. Tuberculosis is such a problem for us. Imagine, 75 of our fellowmen die each day because of TB. Tuberculosis, however, is not a terminal disease. Before, people thought once you have TB you’ll just die not cured with the disease. But now, it is actually very curable. Our government, in addressing to this dreaded disease, formulated the National Tuberculosis Program or NTP. This program envisions our nation as a country where TB is no longer a public health problem. The goal therefore is to reduce the prevalence and mortality from TB by half by the year 2015. Now, this is where DOTS comes in. At first, I thought DOTS is just about making sure that the patient is really taking in his TB regimens – like literally swallowing the medicines on schedule. We will write a custom essay sample on Treatment of Tb or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It, however, is not just as simple as that. DOTS or Direct Observed Treatment, Short-Course is the WHO-recommended strategy for diagnosis, treatment and management of TB. Since TB is curable, the WHO believes that the best way to cure TB is through DOTS. It is a health strategy made up of five important components: Political Commitment for TB Control; Facilities for Microscopic Diagnosis of Sputum Positive Smear Patient; Unlimited Supply of Good Quality Anti-TB Drugs; Direct Observation of Therapy; and, Good Record Keeping. Through these components, it is made sure that the program is managed properly and that the sputum microscopy is of good quality. The program is embraced by the government and made sure it is implemented. Health professionals are taught and trained well on the importance of the program, precautionary measures, how to deal with the TB patient, and, most importantly, on the proper identification and reporting of sputum microscopy results. There is therefore uniformity in the reporting of laboratory results. The government has also allotted a specific monetary budget for the services of the health professionals under this program. There is also the regular supply of drugs, not only just drugs but medications that are of good quality and recommended by the WHO. More importantly, these drugs are FREE! All the patient has to do is to comply with the treatment. But, there are still patients who are, well, â€Å"human† – remarkably wise, talented entrepreneur (because some sell their TB medicines to others who also present with TB symptoms as they have). They have a mind of their own; they have their own treatment strategy. These make TB treatment difficult and pose threat on the development of resistant organisms because the medications are not taken on proper dosage and duration. It is because of this that there is this 4th element of the DOTS strategy – the direct observation of the treatment partner (treatment partners could either be a Staff of the Health Center, Member of the Community , or Member of the patient’s family (last priority)) of the patient taking in the TB medications. With good record keeping, the patients are properly monitored and followed up wherever they may be in the country. With just one missed appearance on treatment appointments, the in-charge health partner is alerted. There’s no reason at all for non compliance. What is more wonderful with DOTS in our country is that we have this PPMD or the Private – Public Mixed DOTS. This is very important because even the private health institutions apply DOTS so that wherever may the patient consult he or she is directed to the same treatment strategy for TB which ensures patient receives proper treatment and program benefits. Upon enrollment with the DOTS program, there is an allotted box of medications both for the intensive phase and the maintenance phase – the Stop TB Kit. With those new pulmonary smear positive cases and new seriously ill pulmonary smear negative cases, the intensive treatment is made up of four regimens: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol. The number of capsules taken will depend on the weight of the patient (since usually the four drugs mentioned are formulated on a single capsule). Like for example, a patient weighing between 38-54 kg will be taking 3 tablets each appointment time with the treatment partner. The intensive treatment lasts for 2 months then a sputum smear will be requested. If patient is still sputum AFB smear positive there will be a month extension for the intensive phase. Afterwhich is the 4 months of maintenance phase. The regimen usually is composed of Isoniazid and Rifampicin. The kind and number of treatment regimens for tuberculosis is such because the TB bacilli, although TB is curable, is very difficult to eradicate and are prone to resistance. This is also why compliance is very important to prevent further development of resistant organisms. Whenever there are MDR TB patients (Multi Drug Resistant TB), they are referred to a higher center in Manila. There, patients are housed for 24 months, still free treatment. I think each MDR patient is budgeted with 500 1 million pesos such a huge amount. It is important therefore for us to prevent the development of such resistant organisms if we want our taxes serve the majority and give us better lives. Through the exposures regarding the DOTS, I now have a great appreciation for this program of the government. Whenever I will have an encounter with a possible TB patient, I could confidently refer him to a DOTS facility. I am hoping that we will truly be able to achieve our vision with regards to tuberculosis control as a nation.