Hitlers Invasion on Russia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 766 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Adolf Hitler Essay Did you like this example? According to R.G. Grant, an officer of the 24th Panzer division described how relentless the invasion of Russia was by stating, We have fought for fifteen days for a single house Already by the third day 54 Germans are strewn in the cellars, on the landings and stair cases (308). Hitler was relentless in his war tactics that spread through Russia during the Second World War and lead to his dominance throughout. Through strategies, devastating tactics, and realistic battle, Hitler was able to invade Russia during World War II. When Hitler went to attack Russia, he had a pre-invasion plan he had already talked about before going into the war. In the spring of 1940 they called an assembly for the officers, where it was announced there would be an attack on the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the spring of the 40s. As stated by Ivor Mantanle, At a briefing, Hitler announces he will be taking out every power of Russia. This non-aggressive pact was to buy the Germans time to defeat the rest of the west before turning east.(96) Hitler had always wanted to attack Russia, but he knew that he would need to take over Western Europe before heading eastward. Consequently, Britain did not fall as the other European countries had and through him underestimating Britain and its ability to recover from the war, Hitler began to fall. As Lees states, There remained the powerful British Navy Hitler was not fully committed to invading Britain. It would have been a distraction. Britain contained neither the space, nor the raw materialsneeded.(4) This confirms that Hitler underestimated Britain and the fact that he needed to take it over before trying to invade Russia. Later, the German groups were attacking Russian troops, trapping them, so when June approached, Hitler could launch the first attack by dropping bombs on the Russians airfields. Of course, the Germans thought the decision to invade Russia was a rational attack in pursuit of German self-interest, which would be good for their country. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hitlers Invasion on Russia" essay for you Create order The scale of destruction that happened in this war was horrific, no matter how many death counts were calculated, how many buildings were destroyed, or any other terrible things that could have happened. According to Laurence Rees, In the whole of history, there has never been a war like it. In its scale of destruction(1) He is referring to where Hitler used about three-thousand-six hundred tanks and about seven hundred thousand horses in the invasion in Russia, along with large groupings of soldiers in this war. Through this annihilation of the enemy and merciless acts by the Germans or the Russians, both sides felt the massive destruction. For example, according to Rees One week into the German invasion, one hundred fifty thousand Soviet soldiers were either dead or wounded- more than during five months at the Battle of Somme.(9) This signifies Hitlers fast paced killing men in large numbers in a short span of time when other battles took months to claim the same amount of live s. In addition, by using tanks, soldiers, and horses, the Soviet Union was crippled as its broken country was divided with much of the territory lost and at least twenty-six million people dead. The realistic life of the war was a gruesome one where Hitler dominated over Stalin and his army in most cases. The Russians, at this point, had no escape with nearly three thousand captured by the ruthless Hitler army. At this point, it was mid-July and no one would give up, the Russians remained strong until the winter approached. During this time, the Russians would be able to have an advantage over the German army and Hitler, but according to Ivor Matanle, General Georgi created a defensive line and pushed the Russians back.(95) This would help Hitler gain time and momentum to decide that his plan of invading Britain was not the best one and the better plan would be to invade the Soviet Union because he knew their military plan. He was fully aware that this was the Germans best chance of winning the war in Europe. In summary, Hitler was able to invade Russia during World War II with complete devastation on his enemies through his use of keen military plans and the proper use of weapons. Although the Germans were unable to defeat Russia in this battle, Hitlers military leadership was considered one of the greatest commands of any army because of this invasion. In addition, through Hitlers inability to be discouraged, World War II will forever be considered one of the biggest and deadliest war in history.

Essay from Keziah Young ThePensters Writing Contest Winner (Part 2)

Part 1 of the essay Dear Elaine, one letter began, the days seem to fly by. I can scarcely believe it three months since we last saw one another. The lady I am staying with speaks very little English. We have been having the funniest conversations in which I believe neither really understands the other. You will be relieved to know I have also now learnt enough Chinese to ask directions. This is, as you can imagine, comforting knowledge, the only slight hiccup being I can’t quite understand their answers yet! But I smile and thank them of course, and go in the direction they point. Anyway, I have high hopes that my studying will pay off and soon have me involved in deeply intellectual discussions regarding grocery shopping, weather and perhaps even Tibetan monasteries†¦

Write an essay about how Owens poetry describes the...

Write an essay about how Owens poetry describes the plight of the soldiers. In many of Wilfred Owens poems, he describes the suffering and the agony of the common soldier during war, not only on the battlefront, but he also describes the after-effects of war and its cruelty. Owens poetry is inclined towards and elegiac nature with the function to arouse grief and to stimulate remembrance. Owen is usually best when the emotion of grief predominates over disgust in his poems and when tribute is paid to the men who died as cattle rather than when criticism is directly made to the perpetrators of war. Owen refers to his poems as elegies, but they offer no consolation to the readers, serving instead to warn them of the true†¦show more content†¦In the poem Inspection, Wilfred Owen describes how a common soldier is maltreated simply because he had been injured and his uniform was blood-stained. This injustice towards the soldiers suffering is evident in this poem where blood is de scribed as dirt. This shows how the soldiers agony is not appreciated, neither by the Officer, Owen himself. Owen recalls several incidents such as in the poem Conscious where he analyses the suffering of a soldier who is in bed. The poet describes as sudden evening blurs and fogs the air and the soldier becomes unconscious. In Dulce et Decorum est Wilfred Owen describes the agony an unidentified soldier passes through as he dies of mustard gas; the agony he passed through as he was guttering, choking, drowning, and while the blood / Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, / Obscene as cancer. But Owen doesnt only describe the physical suffering of the soldiers, the visible pain. No, Owen gives detailed description of the psychological torture the soldiers go through. This is clearly evident in the poem The Dead Beat where the poet picks out an incident where a soldier collapses, more sullenly than wearily out of mental exhaustion which crazed him. The mental anguish also comes from the burden of guilt the soldiers have to carry. The guilt of having killed someone; the guilt of having committed murder. This guilt isShow MoreRelatedRefugee Blues and Disabled Comparison (Almost Finished)2472 Words   |  10 PagesDisabled / Refugee Blues: A Poem Comparison Essay The subject of war and the loss of human life has had a deep influence on poetry of the first half of the 20th century. Many poets from around the world had felt the direct impact of earth-shattering wars and went on to express their opinions through their works. It was during wartime eras that the poems Disabled and Refugee Blues were written by Wilfred Owen and W.H. Auden respectively. Both of the given war poems are considered

Capital Budgeting

Answer 1: Calculation of project IRR: Initial Cash Flow: $3,000,000.00 Discounted Net Cash Flows at 19% Year Cash Flows PVF(@19 % PV 1 $1,100,000.00 0.840336134 $924,369.75 2 $1,450,000.00 0.706164819 $1,023,938.99 3 $1,300,000.00 0.593415814 $771,440.56 4 $950,000.00 0.498668751 $473,735.31 $3,193,484.61 Discounted Net Cash Flows at 24 % Year Cash Flows PVF(@24% PV 1 $1,100,000.00 0.806451613 $887,096.77 2 $1,450,000.00 0.650364204 $943,028.10 3 $1,300,000.00 0.524487261 $681,833.44 4 $950,000.00 0.422973598 $401,824.92 $2,913,783.23 IRR= IRR = 22.46 % Answer 2: Calculation of NPV Year Cash Flows PVF(@15% PV 1 $1,100,000.00 0.869565217 $956,521.74 2 $1,450,000.00 0.756143667 $1,096,408.32 3 $1,300,000.00 0.657516232 $854,771.10 4 $950,000.00 0.571753246 $543,165.58 $3,450,866.74 Initial Investment = $ 3,000,000.00 NPV = $3,450,866.74 - = $ 3,000,000.00 = $450,866.74 Answer 3: The Company should accept this project as the NPV of the project is positive. The NPV in this case is $ 450,866.00. Also, the IRR is higher than the required rate of return. Answer 4: The depreciation is the expense that occurs every year to write off the plant and machinery. Basically, depreciation does not affect the cash flows, but in case of tax implication, the amount of depreciation is subtracted from the cash flow before subtracting the tax. Therefore, depreciation provides the tax benefits, which ultimately increases the amount of the cash flow (Peterson Fabozzi, 2004). Answer 5: Sunk Cost = Sunk cost refers to that part of the project costs, which have been incurred and there is no chance to recover them. Sunk cost is just opposite to the variable cost, because it does not change with the change in the proposed course of action. This cost does not take part in decision making process as there is no relevance in taking this cost and if taken, then it does not affect the decision. Examples of sunk cost are the research cost that has been incurred before the starting the project, staff training cost, advertising cost, etc. In the present case of Air Jet Best Parts Inc., the cost that has been incurred before purchasing the machine is regarded as the Sunk cost and it does affect the decision for purchasing the machine (Bierman Smidt, 2007). Opportunity cost: Opportunity cost refers to the benefit that is foregone, when another course of alternative is chosen. In simple words, when an alternative is chosen over other alternative, then the cost of choosing that alternative is called as opportunity cost. Example of opportunity cost in the present case is when the company accepts another proposal whose NPV is greater than the recent alternative having NPV of $450,866.74 and the benefit that the company will loose for not accepting the recent project is regarded as the opportunity cost (Bierman Smidt, 2007). Answer 6: Sensitivity analysis of the project In the present case, sensitivity analysis of the project has been done for different rates of returns. For this purpose 14%, 16% and 18% rates have been selected. NPV at 14 % Year Cash Flows PVF(@14% PV 1 $1,100,000.00 0.877192982 $964,912.28 2 $1,450,000.00 0.769467528 $1,115,727.92 3 $1,300,000.00 0.674971516 $877,462.97 4 $950,000.00 0.592080277 $562,476.26 $3,520,579.43 NPV (14%) = $520,579.43 NPV at 16 % Year Cash Flows PVF(@16% PV 1 $1,100,000.00 0.862068966 $948,275.86 2 $1,450,000.00 0.743162901 $1,077,586.21 3 $1,300,000.00 0.640657674 $832,854.98 4 $950,000.00 0.552291098 $524,676.54 $3,383,393.59 NPV (16%) = $383,393.59 NVP at 18 % Year Cash Flows PVF(@18% PV 1 $1,100,000.00 0.847457627 $932,203.39 2 $1,450,000.00 0.71818443 $1,041,367.42 3 $1,300,000.00 0.608630873 $791,220.13 4 $950,000.00 0.515788875 $489,999.43 $3,254,790.38 NPV (18%) = $254,790.38 Following graph represent the relationship between r and NPV. For analyzing the scenario, three possible cases of cash flows have been selected most likely, moderate and worst. In all cases, the probability of the cash flow is given below: Year Cash Flows Most Likely PVF(@15% PV 1 $1,100,000.00 $990,000.00 0.869565217 $860,869.57 2 $1,450,000.00 $1,305,000.00 0.756143667 $986,767.49 3 $1,300,000.00 $1,170,000.00 0.657516232 $769,293.99 4 $950,000.00 $855,000.00 0.571753246 $488,849.02 $3,105,780.07 Year Cash Flows Moderate PVF(@15% PV 1 $1,100,000.00 $880,000.00 0.869565217 $765,217.39 2 $1,450,000.00 $1,160,000.00 0.756143667 $877,126.65 3 $1,300,000.00 $1,040,000.00 0.657516232 $683,816.88 4 $950,000.00 $760,000.00 0.571753246 $434,532.47 $2,760,693.39 Year Cash Flows Worst PVF(@15% PV 1 $1,100,000.00 $770,000.00 0.869565217 $669,565.22 2 $1,450,000.00 $1,015,000.00 0.756143667 $767,485.82 3 $1,300,000.00 $910,000.00 0.657516232 $598,339.77 4 $950,000.00 $665,000.00 0.571753246 $380,215.91 $2,415,606.72 On analyzing the scenario in different conditions it can be concluded that in case of most likely situation there is total NPV of $ 105780.07 whereas in case of worst situation the NPV is $ 584,393.28. The NPV in this scenario is computed below: tablewidth="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="1" Situation Probability NPV Total Most likely 0.25 $3,105,780.07 $776,445.02 Moderate 0.50 $2,760,693.39 $1,380,346.70 Worst 0.25 $2,415,606.72 $603,901.68 $2,760,693.39 There are many risks associated with the project, like market risk and specific risk. Market risk is the risk that arises with the change in the market prices. Examples of market risk are inflation in market, downfall in US dollar value and some other government intervention that leads to close the project. There are also some specified risks associated with this project, like if the expected cash flows are not generated according to the desired level and when whole project fails due to no demand in the market (Baker English, 2011). Task 5: Answer 1(a): The competitor chosen is Raytheon INC. that has issued Raytheon 7.2% having maturity date 15 august, 2027 and YTM of 4.16 % (Morning Star 2013). Let assumed that AirJet Best Parts Inc. has issued the bond having face value of $100.00 and coupon rate 7.2%. Therefore cost of debt is 4.16 %. Answer 1(b): Cost of debt (Bonds) = Current YTM of Bonds x (1-t) = 4.16 (1-.034) = 2.74 % Answer 1(c): Other method for calculation of cost of debt is as follows: (Pratt, 2003). Cost of Debt (Kd) = (Amount of Interest / Amount of debt) X 100 Also when there is premium or discount the cost of debt is as follows Cost of Debt (Kd) = Interest amount/ (Amount of debenture + Amount of premium) X 100 Cost of Debt (Kd) = Interest Amount/ (Amount of Debenture Amount of Discount) X 100 Answer 1(d): The coupon rate (based on the face value of the bond) determines the interest payment, but not necessary reflect the actual cost of the corporations debt. As the required return changes the price of the debt issue price also changes so that the actual interest payments and anticipated payments at the end gives the investors their revised required return (Pratt, 2003). Answer 2: Betas of the three competitors are as follows Competitors Beta Raytheon Co. 0.63 Lockheed Martin Corporation 0.6 Northrop Grumman Corporation 1.03 Source: Yahoo Finance Answer 2(a): Average of beta: (0.63+ 0.60 + 1.03)/3 = 0.75 Risk free return = 3%, Market return = 4 % Using CAPM model Expected return = 3 % + 0.75(4%-3%) = 3.75% Answer 2(b): Advantages of using CAPM model: It is one the easiest method to calculate the expected return of the equity. It considers only systematic risk that reflect that it assume real factors in computing the expected return. Disadvantages of using CAPM model: It assumes that market is stable. It also assumes individuals can borrow and lend freely at a risk less rate of return. Dividend growth model cannot be applied where company does declare any dividend or whose dividend per share is growing at a rate higher than cost of equity (Ke). This method also fails to deal with risk directly. On the contrary CAPM model has a wider approach as it deals with some restrictive assumptions. The main condition for using this model is that companys share is quoted on the stock exchange and all the variables in this model are market determined. Answer 3 (a): Current value of stock = $ 50.00 Dividend paid = $ 2.93 Face Value (assumed) = $ 10.00 n = 10 years (assumed) Cost of preferred stock: = 23 % Answer 3(b): The other method for calculating the cost of preferred stock is as follows Kp = Amount of preference dividend/ Preference share capital In adjustment case cost of preferred capital will change and can be calculated by following way:- Kp = D/ NP D = Annual preference dividend, NP = Net proceed = Par value of Pref. share capital discount cost of floatation Or NP = Par value of pref. share capital + Premium Answer 4: WACC = (0.3 x 2.74 %) + (0.6 x 3.75%) + (0.10 x 23 %). = 5.372 % Answer 5: Yes, company should use WACC for all the projects because of the following reasons: (Besley Brigham, 2008) This method is easy to use as compare to other methods. Same rate can be used for all the projects. No separate calculation is required to calculate the other project cost of capital as it cover all the capital invested in the business. Answer 6: Year Cash Flows PVF(@5.37% PV 1 $1,100,000.00 0.949036728 $1,043,940.40 2 $1,450,000.00 0.900670711 $1,305,972.53 3 $1,300,000.00 0.854769584 $1,111,200.46 4 $950,000.00 0.811207729 $770,647.34 $4,231,760.73 Yes, company should accept the project as the in this case the NPV of the project is $ $1,231,760.73 which is mush higher than the actual earning (Besley Brigham, 2008). References Baker, H. K., English, P. (2011). Capital Budgeting Valuation: Financial Analysis for Today's Investment Projects. John Wiley Sons Besley, S. Brigham, E. F. (2008). Essentials of Managerial Finance. Cengage Learning. Bierman, H., Smidt, S. (2007). The Capital Budgeting Decision, Ninth Edition: Economic Analysis of Investment Projects. Routledge Morning Star. (2013). Raytheon Company RTN. Retrieved 15 June 2013 from Peterson, P. P., Fabozzi, F. J. (2004). Capital Budgeting: Theory and Practice. John Wiley Sons. Pratt, S. P. (2003). Cost of Capital: Estimation and Applications. John Wiley Sons. Yahoo Finance. (2013). All data retrieved 15 June 2013 from